Njengedivayisi eyinhloko yokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumasistimu kagesi, idizayini yesakhiwo semitha kagesi ithinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kwayo kokulinganisa, ukwethembeka, nezinga lobuhlakani. Amamitha kagesi wesimanje ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amamojula asebenzayo amaningi asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqoqe, acubungule, futhi adlulise idatha yamandla. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zemitha kagesi kusukela kokubili kokubuka kwemishini kanye ne-elekthronikhi.
Ukuma kweMechanical Electricity Meter
Amamitha kagesi wemishini yendabuko (njengamamitha okungenisa) ancike kakhulu kumgomo wokungeniswa kukazibuthe ukuze kukale amandla. Isakhiwo sabo esiyinhloko sihlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
1.Drive Element
Isici sokushayela siqukethe ikhoyili ye-voltage kanye nekhoyili yamanje. Ikhoyili ye-voltage ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nomthwalo, kuyilapho ikhoyili yamanje ixhunywe ochungechungeni nomthwalo. Uma enikwe amandla, lawa makhoyili amabili akhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo, esebenza ku-turntable ye-aluminium, iyenze ijikeleze.
2.I-Elementi Ejikelezayo
I-elementi ejikelezayo ngokuyinhloko iqukethe i-aluminium turntable kanye ne-shaft. Inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwe isici sokushayela izungeza i-aluminum turntable ngesivinini esilinganiselwe namandla asetshenziswe umthwalo.
3.Isici Sokubhuleka
I-brake magnet ikhiqiza i-torque yokubhuleka iye kolunye uhlangothi lokujikeleza kwe-turntable, iqinisekisa isivinini esizinzile kanjalo nokunemba kwesilinganiso.
4. Ikhawunta
Ikhawunta ixhunywe ku-shaft ejikelezayo ngesitimela segiya. Irekhoda inani lokushintshwa kokudayela futhi iguqule lokhu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla (imvamisa ngama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh)).
Amamitha omshini alula futhi awabizi, kodwa ahlushwa imikhawulo efana nokunemba okulinganiselwe kanye nokungakwazi ukuxhumana ukude. Kancane kancane ashintshwa ngamamitha kagesi.
Ukwakheka kwamamitha kagesi
Amamitha kagesi asebenzisa amasekhethi edijithali nobuchwepheshe be-microprocessor, enikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa nokusebenza okunwetshiwe. Isakhiwo sabo esiyinhloko sihlanganisa:
1. I-Voltage kanye Neziyingi Zamanje Zesampula
Amamitha kagesi aqoqa amasignali kagesi nawesimanje kusetshenziswa izihlukanisi ezinembayo noma ama-transformer futhi awaguqule abe amasignali aphansi-aphansi, aphansi{1}}afanele ukucutshungulwa.
2. I-Analog-kuya{2}}Isiguquli Sedijithali (ADC)
Amasignali e-analogi ayisampula aguqulwa yi-ADC abe amasignali edijithali ukuze i-microprocessor iqhubeke nokubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
3. I-Microprocessor (MCU)
I-microprocessor "iwubuchopho" bemitha ye-elekthronikhi, ebhekele ukucubungula idatha, ukubala amandla, ukugcinwa, nokulawula isibonisi. Ingenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba kudingeka, njengesici samandla kanye nokuqapha ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi.
4.Display Module
Amamitha kagesi we-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa isibonisi se-liquid crystal (LCD) noma isibonisi se-LED ukuze sibonise ulwazi olufana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-voltage, kanye namanje. Amanye amamitha{1}esiphetho aphezulu aphinde asekele ukukhanya okungemuva kanye{2}}nokuboniswa kwemigqa eminingi.
5.Imojula Yezokuxhumana
Amamitha ahlakaniphile esimanje ahlanganisa izixhumanisi zokuxhumana ezifana ne-RS-485, inkampani yenethiwekhi yamandla (PLC), i-LoRa, ne-NB-IoT, esekela ukufundwa kwamamitha okude, ukulawula umthwalo, nokuphathwa kwegridi.
6.Memory Unit
Amamitha ka-elekthronikhi akhe-kumemori engaguquguquki ({1}}njenge-EEPROM noma i-Flash) isikhathi eside{2}}sokugcinwa kwedatha yamandla, amalogi emicimbi, namapharamitha wokumisa, okuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ayilahleki phakathi nokucisha kukagesi.
7.Power Supply Module
Amamitha kagesi we-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa amandla asizayo (njenge-transformer noma ugesi oshintshwayo). Amanye amamodeli angakwazi ukudonsa amandla ngokuqondile emugqeni wokulinganisa ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza okuyisisekelo phakathi nokuphela kukagesi.
Izici Zesakhiwo Zezinhlobo Ezikhethekile Zamamitha Kagesi
1.Prepaid Meters
Ngokusekelwe kumamitha kagesi, lawa mamitha ahlanganisa ikhadi le-IC noma imojula yokuxhumana yamafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF), okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathenge ugesi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa futhi basebenzise ukubethela ukuze bagweme ukwebiwa kukagesi.
2.Amamitha amaningi-omsebenzi
Ngokungeziwe ekulinganiseni kwamandla okuyisisekelo, lawa mamitha aphinde anikeze ukuhlaziywa kwe-harmonic, izibalo zokufunwa, nokugawulwa kwamaphutha, okuwenza afanelekele abasebenzisi bezimboni nabezentengiselwano.
3.Smart Meters
Amamitha ahlakaniphile ayinguqulo ethuthukisiwe yamamitha kagesi, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ukuze isekele-ukuxhumana kwezindlela ezimbili,{1}}impendulo yentengo kagesi yesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi okuzenzakalelayo.
Isifinyezo
Idizayini yesakhiwo samamitha kagesi iye yavela ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusuka kumshini ukuya ku-electronic kuya kumamitha ahlakaniphile. Izimiso zabo eziyinhloko bezilokhu kuwukulinganisa okunembile, ukusebenza okuthembekile, nokuphatha okuhlakaniphile. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Inthanethi Yamandla, amamitha kagesi azophinde ahlanganise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziya idatha enkulu, abe ama-node abalulekile kugridi ehlakaniphile. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwamamitha kagesi akusizi nje kuphela ukulungiswa nokuxazulula izinkinga kodwa futhi kwenza isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zamandla kagesi.