Njengedivayisi eyinhloko yokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumasekhethi e-AC-esigaba esisodwa, amamitha wesigaba esisodwa-ahlanganisa amandla kazibuthe kagesi, ukukala ngogesi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obunembile bemishini. Ngokuklama kwesakhiwo sesayensi, bathola isilinganiso esinembile samandla.
Amamitha wamandla esigaba esisodwa-e-electromechanical single asebenza ngokusekelwe emthethweni wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Lapho ikhoyili yamanje kanye nekhoyili ye-voltage kunikezwa umthamo wamanje kanye ne-voltage, ngokulandelanayo, zenza i-flux yamagnetic eshintshanayo ku-turntable ye-aluminium. Ngokomgomo ka-Faraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ukuguquguquka kazibuthe kubangela ama-eddy currents ngaphakathi kwe-turntable. Ukusebenzisana kwama-eddy currents kanye ne-magnetic flux kukhiqiza i-torque eshayelayo, iqhubekisela phambili i-turntable. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkambu kazibuthe engashintshi ekhiqizwa uzibuthe wokubhuleka inqamula imigqa kazibuthe yamandla okunyakaza kwe-turntable, ikhiqize i-torque yokubhuleka ngokulingana nesivinini sokujikeleza. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ijubane le-turntable liqondaniswe ngokunembile namandla okulayisha. Indlela yokudlulisa igiya iguqula isivinini sokuphenduka kwe-turntable ibe ukufundwa kwemitha, okuvumela ukulinganiswa kwamandla anqwabelene.
I-electronic single yesimanje-amamitha wesigaba samandla asebenzisa i-hybrid analog-idizayini yedijithali. Isekhethi yesampula ye-voltage isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-resistor divider ukuthola isignali encane ngokulingana nomthamo wokufakwayo. Ukusampula kwamanje kusebenzisa i-manganese{4}}i-copper shunt noma i-transformer yamanje ukuze kuguqulwe igagasi elikhulu libe isignali encane. Ngemva kokuthi amandla kagesi e-analog namasiginali amanje eguqulelwe kumanani edijithali nge-analog-kuya{7}}ku-digital converter (ADC), i-microcontroller (MCU) yenza izibalo zangempela-ezisuselwe kuzibalo zamandla ezisheshayo (P=UIcosφ) futhi isebenzisa i-algorithm yenani lokuqoqwa. Ukujikeleza okubalulekile kuhlanganisa{11}}umthombo onesithenjwa onemba ophezulu wokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwesampula,{12}}isihlungi esiphansi sokudlula ukuze kuqedwe{13}}ukuphazamiseka kwama-frequency aphezulu, kanye ne-digital signal processor (DSP) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha.
Isinxephezelo sephutha siyinkinga eyinhloko yedizayini: isekethe yesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa ilungisa imithelela yezinga lokushisa elizungezile ezingxenyeni eziphikisayo, amasu okunxeshezelwa kwesigaba asetshenziswa ukuze kuqedwe umehluko wesigaba ongokwemvelo kugesi kanye namashaneli amasampula wamanje, futhi ama-algorithms esofthiwe asetshenziselwa ukulungisa-izici zokulayisha nokuchezuka komugqa. I-Anti-idizayini ekhuphukayo isebenzisa isinxephezelo sikazibuthe esishintshashintshayo kumjikelezo we-voltage noma uziro kagesi-ukutholwa kwamanje ukuze kunqandwe ukukalwa kabi phakathi{4}}nezimo zokulayisha.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile, amamitha wamandla wesigaba esisodwa-ahlanganisa amamojula okuxhumana angenantambo, ama-chip encryption chips, kanye{1}}namakhono amaningi okulinganisa ama-metering. Ngenkathi igcina izimiso zemitha eziyinhloko, ithuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile.